Résumé

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent toxicity of cytotoxic chemotherapy. In low-resource settings where treatment alternatives are limited, it may compromise treatment delivery. However, data from sub-Saharan Africa remain scarce. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CIPN and identify associated clinical and treatment-related factors in Côte d’Ivoire. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the oncology department of Treichville University Hospital, a tertiary referral center in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Adult patients receiving at least one cycle of cytotoxic chemotherapy between January and December 2023 were included. CIPN was identified from documented clinical symptoms and graded according to NCI-CTCAE v4.03. Univariable analyses followed by multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine independent predictors. Results: Among the 275 patients included during the study period, 114 developed chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), corresponding to a prevalence of 41.5%. Most neuropathies were grade 1 or 2 (95.6%), while severe forms were observed in 4.4% of cases. Chemotherapy was maintained without modification in 82.5% of cases. In multivariable analysis, the following factors were independently associated with the occurrence of CIPN: type 2 diabetes (OR 4.87; 95% CI: 1.18–20.1), hypertension (OR 2.63; 95% CI: 1.14–6.05), and exposure to neurotoxic chemotherapy Conclusion: CIPN is common but generally mild in severity. Its occurrence appears to be strongly influenced by cardiometabolic comorbidities in addition to exposure to neurotoxic agents. These findings suggest an important role of patient vulnerability rather than drug toxicity alone. A simple clinical assessment of comorbidities may help anticipate this toxicity.

Mot-clés :

Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Neurotoxicity; Diabetes Mellitus; Cote D’ivoire